havesthtodo还是havesthtobedone
“Do you have anything _________, Professor Smith?” “No, thanks.”
A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. being typed
根据 I have something to type. I have a letter to write. He has some clothes to wash. 等相关句式类推,许多同学毫不犹豫地选择了A答案,但是错了,最佳答案应是C。确实,在“have+宾语+不定式”结构中,用作定语的不定式通常用主动式表示被动含义,如 I have a letter to write 之类的,按理说其中的 a letter 与其后的不定式之类的,按理说其中的 to write 具有被动关系,即“信”应该是“被写”,但这里却习惯上用主动式表示这个被动意义。不过同学们还要注意一点,就是这类句型的主语与其后的不定式具有主动关系,如 I have a letter to write. 中的 to write 就是由该句主语 I 来完成的。而上面一题的情形则稍有不同,即其中的 to type 这一动作不是由句子主语 to type you (在此指 Professor Smith)来完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的,句意为“史密斯教授,你有什么文件要我打字吗?”请再看一例:
I’m going to Beijing next week. Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 我下个星期要去北京,你有什么东西要带给你儿子的吗?
句中的 to be taken 用了被动式而没用主动式,原因就是“带”这个动作不是句子主语you 去完成的,而是由说话者“我”来完成的。比较下面的句子:Are you going to Beijing? Do you have anything to take to your son? 你要去北京吗?你有什么东西要带给你儿子吗?
I’m going to Beijing next week. I have a lot of things to take with me. 下个星期我要去北京,我随身要带很多东西去。
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