双语畅销书《艾伦图灵传》第9章:退隐山林(83)
But in certain phenomena, those of crystallisation for instance, the reverse process could occur.
但是在某些情况下,比如说结晶,这个过程是可逆的,
Pattern could be created, rather than destroyed. The explanation lay in the interplay of more than one level of scientific description.
也就是说,模式可以重新形成。要解释这个现象,需要多个层面的描述相互配合。
In the chemical description, in which only average concentrations and pressures would be considered, no spatial direction would be preferred to any other.
在化学描述中,只考虑平均的浓度和压力,不考虑特定的空间方向;
But at a more detailed, Laplacian level, the individual motions of the molecules would not be perfectly symmetrical, and under certain conditions, like that of the crystallising liquid, could serve to pick out a direction in space.
但是在更微观的层面上,拉普拉斯式的分子运动却不是匀称的,而且在某些特定条件下,比如晶化液体,还可以在空间中找到方向。
The example Alan chose as illustration was drawn from his electrical experience:
图灵凭借他的电学经验,举出了一个例子:
The situation is very similar to that which arises in connexion with electrical oscillators.
这种情况与电子振荡器很相似。
It is usually easy to understand how an oscillator keeps going when once it has started, but on a first acquaintance it is not obvious how the oscillation begins.
我们很容易理解,振荡器在开始之后如何保持振荡,但却很难搞清楚,它是怎么开始的。
The explanation is that there are random disturbances always present in the circuit.
其解释就是,电路中总是会有随机的干扰,
The ultimate fate of the system will be a state of oscillation at its appropriate frequency, and with an amplitude (and a wave form) which are also determined by the circuit.
这个系统的最终状态,就是以某个频率和振幅,进行持续的振荡。频率和振幅是由电路本身决定的,
The phase of the oscillation alone is determined by the disturbance.
而振荡的相位则是由干扰决定的。
Such a process of toppling, or crystallising, or falling into some pattern of oscillation, could be described as the resolution of an unstable equilibrium.
这样的结晶或振荡器产生模式的过程,可以用不稳定均衡点来描述。
In the case of the developing sphere of cells, it would have to be shown that in some way, through a change in temperature or the presence of a catalyst, the stable chemical balance could suddenly become unstable.
在细胞球的例子中,一定存在着某种方式,使得温度或催化剂的一点改变,就能使稳定的化学平衡突然变得不稳定。
-
三年级英语小故事大全
英语故事中丰富的语言输入培养了学生的语感,故事所创设的情境激发了学生学习的兴趣,故事的结构成了学生语言拓展的支架。小编精心收集了三年级英语小故事,供大家欣赏学习!三年级英语小故事篇1persistence/Constantdrippingofwaterwearsawaythestone.滴水穿石One...
-
有关狮子与老鼠英语故事欣赏
小学英语故事课教学,教师既要充分利用现有教材,又要勇于创新地使用,让我们怀揣一颗童心,努力展现故事的魅力,做个会讲故事的人。小编精心收集了有关狮子与老鼠英语故事,供大家欣赏学习!有关狮子与老鼠英语故事篇1TheLionandtheMouseLongagoagreatlionwasfastasl...
-
狐狸和山羊英语故事阅读
英语作为一门语言和思维统一的学科,其内在本质是语言与思维的辨证统一。英语故事教学不仅能有效地学习英语知识,亦能有效地培养学生的思维能力。本站小编分享狐狸和山羊英语故事,希望可以帮助大家!狐狸和山羊英语故事版本1AfoxandagoatAnunluckyfoxfellintoawel...
-
六年级经典英语故事阅读
故事文学素材应用于英语教学也越来越普遍,故事正逐渐被视为英语教学的最佳材料之一。本文是六年级经典英语故事,希望对大家有帮助!六年级经典英语故事:回荆州LiuBeiReturnstoJingzhouThisisstoryfromThreeKingdoms.TrickedbyZhouYu,LiuBeimarriedSunShangxiang,Sun...